Before submitting your website to search engines for its final unveiling, make sure you tighten up your text and layout.
After you compose a page, put the page aside for a few days and then look at the page with a cold, objective eye (or ask some friends to give you feedback). Check to see if your page has balance, contrast, variety, and the otherpqualities discussed in this chapter. Also check for some rule violations:
crowding, hidden or floating headlines, tombstones (parallel headlines in adjacent columns), or widows or orphans (stranded lines or fragments of text).
You can make a page attractive and inviting to the reader in many ways. Your primary elements on a Web page are headlines, graphics, text blocks, and white space. Where you position these elements on the page, and their relative sizes, has a major impact on the page’s visual appeal. Use these building blocks effectively and you’re more than halfway to creating a document that people will want to spend some time looking at.
Your primary design goal should be to balance your page. What’s balance? It means that the page isn’t top- or bottom-heavy, and that the left side balances the right side. In other words, you divide the page into quarters and see if the “weight†is roughly evenly proportioned. What’s “weight?†It’s not simply the amount of darkness (text is gray, headlines are darker, some graphics are very nearly black, empty space is “white†even if it’s a pale color or texture). Instead, think about whether your page holds together visually because you’ve arranged the elements effectively.
As with letter and line spacing, you can use any CSS unit for specifying word spacing. However, em is usually the most reliable if, for some reason, another font is substituted by the user’s browser. The em measurement is the most accurate average character size measurement for most fonts.
HTML didn’t have an indentation capability, so people resorted to inserting invisible images and other tricks. (Adding spaces doesn’t work because HTML strips extra spaces off.) CSS came to the rescue with its text-indent property. Used with block-level elements like , you can specify a unit length like 6em or 7px, or a relative percentage.
You can set backgrounds for the entire page (in the element), or for individual elements such as Heading 2 (H2) illustrated in the code above. The ability to add graphics or textures behind any visual element via CSS is quite useful to Web designers.
When you load a graphic in as your background, you can have the image only cover part of the background, and the rest of the background filled in via a tiled texture. If both textures are identical, the viewer cannot tell where the image ends and the tiled texture background begins.
If you do include a background image, you may want to display hyperlinks, labels, or other elements on top of the image. This can easily be done by specifying some absolute positioning.
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